1902 IEEE. 1 More details protocole1902. Layer 1 is the “physical” Working with 17 member companies. The working group was formed in late 2006. The final specification was issued as IEEE in March 2009. The standard includes elements such as packet encoding and addressing specifications. The protocol has already been used by several business ventures in the asset visibility systems and networks. However, IEEE 1902. 1 will be used in many applications of sensor networks, requiring this type of physical layer in order to establish interoperability between manufacturers. A second standard was drafted in 1902. 2 for data of more high-level functions required in the network visibility. Visibility networks to provide real-time status, pedigree and location of persons, livestock, medical supplies or other property of great value in a local network. The second standard will focus on data link layers based on current uses of Rubee protocol. This standard, which is essential for the widespread use of Rubee under visibility, will support interoperability of tags Rubee, Rubee chips, routers and other equipment Rubee Rubee in the data link layer. Details RubeeUn tag type tag radio Rubee: 4-bit processor, 1 kB SRAM, crystal, and the lithium battery with an expected life of five ans.Une Rubee typical radio beacon, about 1 x 1 0. 07 inches. It has a 4-bit processor, 1-5 KB of SRAM, a clock. It might not have sensors, displays and boutonsRubee is bidirectional, on request, and peer-to-peer. It can operate at frequencies (450 kHz e. g) but 131 kHz is optimal. Rubee tags can have sensors (temperature, humidity, jogging), displays optional and can have a complete 4-bit microprocessor with static memory. Rubee protocol uses an IP (Internet Protocol address). A tag may contain data in its own memory (instead of or in addition to the data stored on a server). Some tags have up to 5 kilobytes of memory. Rubee functions successfully in harsh environments with networks of thousands of tags, and has a range of 1-30 m (3100 ft) depending on the configuration of the antenna. In hostile environment “refers to situations in which one or both ends of the communication is made of steel or near water. Rubee RFID tags operate in environments where RFID RFID and others may have problems . Rubee networks are in use in many visibility applications, including: detecting entry and exit facilities in high security government arms and light weapons in the armories of high security, essential tools mission, smart shelves high value medical devices in hospitals and operating rooms, smart entry and exit gates, and a variety of agricultural visibility networks for livestock, elk and other exotic animals. How RubeeIEEE 1902. Rubee one uses magnetic waves as often called inductive communication. James Clerk Maxwell introduced his now famous set of equations (Maxwell equations) to the Royal Society in 1864. These equations describe what happens when a electron moves along a theme. Two areas are created, the electric field, labeled E and the magnetic field, labeled H. The electric and magnetic fields travel through the ether, (ie space or far field), at the speed of light with an impedance of 377 alleged. E, the electric field can be given in newtons per coulomb or volts per meter, and H, the magnetic field may be given in gauss or amperes per meter. The two are tied together with the ether as simple electric circuit is capable of transferring power. However, when these two fields are measured in what is called the near field (much less than the length of waveform) of very strange things happen. (See also Capps ear on the ground or far field). E and H are no longer connected in a simple predictable. The value of c (speed of light) and the resistance of the ether are altered and it is possible to produce large H values with low E values. It is as if the impedance ether was reduced to only a few ohms.Pratiquement all the energy radiated by a base station or radio tag Rubee Rubee is contained in the magnetic field (H), not the electric (E) on the ground. This is because the antennas are short Rubee over the length of wavelength (about a mile and a half or 2 km to 131 kHz), and Rubee operates in the near field. A typical E emitted by a base station is about 40-50 Rubee nanowatts, and H is about 900 mG (90 T). Finally, Rubee is a packet based protocol in which only one end of the communication generates both fields is a beacon Rubee is a transmitter-receiver of the membrane. environnementauxRF factors is based on physics and can be modeled with reliable forecasting tools and models to listen (see RF Microwave, and migraines, Electro Magnetic explained). RF is not always predictable because the environment force (, Steel shelves, floors, cabinets, doors) are all part of the same circuit to listen and change over time. For example, a telephone call to a cell phone in a building is changed by the steel in the building . The reception can be improved by moving the phone near a window, or point the antenna in a particular direction. Radio waves are affected by almost everything around us. Many factors influence environmental performance. The most important are steel and water, but people and sources of electrical noise are also high on the magnetic liste.ondes can get through almost anything, even rock. That same RF boulders after only a few meters. An RF signal decreases as 1 / r, while the strength of a magnetic wave falls much faster rate of 1 / r. This means that the magnetic signal will not travel in the near Since the signal plateau RF.Ce likes to vibrate (resonate) at the frequency Rubee first glance, this difference in rate of fall-off can be seen as a negative for the range of a beacon signal using magnetic but, as explained below, it turns out to be quite a plus in a local network visibility. Second, an unexpected advantage is that the noise Rubee sees as magnetic, so it too falls off 1 / r. The noise and interference sources must be much more local to have significant strength, and tend to be easy to identify and minimize in an IEEE 1902. réseau.Rubee one is 99. 99% n-magnetic is not affected at all by people or animals, mud or water. Steel can cause poor performance, but the steel can actually improve a magnetic signal. A high frequency (above 1 MHz) d RF antenna on or near a steel shelf has three problems: 1. detunes steel antenna 2. zeroes appear on the shelf RF signal without any domain (Swiss cheese) because it blocks radio waves steel, and 3. Steel also reflects radio waves (E in Maxwell’s equations) contributing to communication errors and zeros plateau.En But Long wavelength magnetic transmissions (below 1 MHz) n is not blocked or reflected by the steel if null values do not occur. The loop antennas may be detuned by steel, as well as higher frequencies. But, contrary to higher frequencies, the antennas loop can be re-listen with external capacitors and, in many cases, the circuits can be created dynamically choose the optimal external capacitor for the antenna. Thus, the issue of development may disappear in a Rubee network. But the agreement must be set to the correct frequency by adjusting the condenser to match the curve agrees with the steel place.inductance parasite and capacity (see the self-resonance frequency) of the wire antenna and the steel plate to limit the frequency range of agreement of any antenna circuit. A simple cable loop enclosure about 100 feet (30 meters) in diameter may be tuned to resonate at 131 kHz with a single external capacitor. A loop of only 1 inch (25 mm) can also be tuned to resonate at 131 kHz. At 30 MHz, however, you may be able to resolve a thumb (25 mm) of the antenna, but not the FT 100 (30 m) of the antenna, not the antennas plateau.Rubee maybe 100 x 100 feet (30 x 30 m) and buried. These large antennas size are limited by the noise of deep space, but can read a tag Rubee anywhere in the loop. The theory suggests the possibility of Rubee antennas up to 400 x 400 ft (120 x 120 m) but they are limited to 100 x 100 (30 x 30 m) in the pratique.A 30 MHz, most adjustable loop is approximately 1-foot (30 cm). Rubee frequency is low on purpose so that can almost always re-tune to compensate the parasitic inductance and capacity, despite use in harsh environments such as steel shelving (see Roche et al. 2007). Back to the platform installation examplehe Rubee tunes actually steel on the plateau and the plateau itself is the antenna – the platform becomes a part of the resonance circuit and the H signal is strongest near the shelf. For frequencies over 1 MHz it is not possible to incorporate most of the things you find in a warehouse, office building or factory under the antenna. Rubee works well in difficult environments, for most items Steel and echo frequency of 131 kHz Rubee. As the frequency increases by more than 1 MHz steel items less resonance. At a frequency of 10 MHz for example, nothing major steel can be adjusted to résonance.Quelle size can reach a loop antenna is Rubee? As the antennas become more and more noise becomes the gatekeeper. 100 feet (30 m) diameter loop detects lighting storms hundreds of miles. The Main source of noise is the sound of distant space distance. Although it is possible construction of a second antenna and do subtraction differential, 10,000 sq ft (1,000 m2) the limit of a network Rubee is sufficient for most practical applications of visibility. Rubee antennas can also use ferrite rods with coils of wire and get the same range, but without large loops. Rubee avantagesL’inconvénient major disadvantages and Rubee more other protocols is the speed and packet size. Rubee protocol is limited to 1,200 baud in existing applications. It is expected that IEEE 1902. 1 will also specify 1200 baud. The protocol could go to 9600 with some loss of range. However, most applications work well visibility at 1200 baud. packet size is limited to tens of hundreds of bytes. Rubee design renounces broadband, high speed communications, because most applications are not visible have appropriate.Conditions use of magnetic energy LW makes a number of advantages: Long battery life because of the use of low frequencies and data rates of chips and sensors can operate at low speed. Use (cost) 4 micrometers CMOS chip technology, leading to extremely low power consumption. LW magnetic systems can tag and waves reached 15 years of life, using lithium batteries at low cost. It is also life battery flat-forme.données beacon moves with assets Because the data are stored in the tag, IT (Information Technology) costs are reduced. This means that a portable low cost, it can simply read a tag Rubee and learn more about manufacturing data asset, expiry date, batch number, etc. without having to go to a computer system to locate it. In addition, the distance between the reader and the asset is not critical. Rubee can also write on a label at the same distance that can read it. RFID, on the other hand, uses the EEPROM, and writes the tag is awkward. (In the case of RFID, range is limited, more power is needed and write times are long.) Safe Base Station product Rubee nanowatts only radio energy. Rubee LW magnetic waves are not absorbed by biological tissues and are not even regulated by OSHA. In fact, Rubee produces less energy and field strengths lower than metal detectors in airports and burglar alarms in retail stores operating at similar frequencies by a factor of about 10-100. Recently published studies show that Rubee has no effect on pacemakers or other implantable devices (Hayes et al., 2007). high security and Labels Rubee privacy has many unique advantages in high security applications. Eavesdropping range (the distance at which a person with unlimited funds can eavesdrop tag) is the same as the tag line. This means that if someone is listening, they must be close enough so you can see them. This is not true for RFID protocols or 802 (see Wall Street Journal May 4 data card). This means that nobody can eavesdrop to tag / conversations base station. In addition, since Rubee tags have a battery, a crystal and SRAM memory, they can use strong encryption with nearly uncrackable key once, or totally tamper-proof pads at the same time. Rubee is used today in many high security applications for these volumetric Rubee raisons.Réglementant range has a maximum capacity volume of approximately 10,000 square feet (900 m) using loop antennas volumetric From even a small antenna volume of 1 m (900 cm) Rubee can read a label in an egg shape (ellipsoid) volume of about 10 x 10 x 15 ft (3 x 3 x 5 m). A special feature of IEEE P1902. called a clip allows you to place many loop antennas on a farm near the antenna, and read tens to hundreds of base stations simultanément.Rentable – With Rubee, base stations and relatively simple routers can be used, which means that the receivers and card readers can be a reasonable price in relation to issuers of higher frequencies. In addition, the labels often include a single chip, a battery, a crystal and an antenna, and can be competitively priced compared to active RFID tags (including a battery.) Less noise because the noise in a region falls to 1 / r, Rubee exhibits reduced sensitivity to outside noise. The major limitation to the size of the antenna is the sound of deep space. Notes ^ “Rubee protocol overcomes RFID shortcomings.” http://www. engadget. com/2006/06/13/rubee-protocol-overcomes- Shortcomings-rfid /. Retrieved 9/2/2007. ^ “2007 American Supply Chain Visibility Northern Innovation Technology Solutions of the Year.” Frost & Sullivan. http://www. pictpix. com / PPM / Frost & Sullivan. pdf. Retrieved 2/9/2007. RéférencesPrithvi Raj 2007 American Supply Chain Visibility Northern Innovation Technology Solutions of the Year, Frost & Sullivan Frost & Sullivan “IEEE begins Wireless Standard wavelength for health care, retail network and the visibility of livestock; IEEE P1902. Standard Offer a local network protocol for the thousands of low-cost radio tags with a long battery life, Business Wire, “June 8, 2006″ Properties Promotes visible Rubee Tags for Tough-to-follow goods, by Mary Catherine O O’Connor, RF Journal, June 19, * 2006, http://www. rfidjournal. com/article/articleprint/2436/-1/1 / Charles Capps, on the ground ear or Far Field, EDN, August 16, 2001, pp. 95102. This excellent article is available online at: Near Far Field RIF Hayes, G Eisinger, The Hyberger, Stevens JK. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of a radio beacon active kHz (Rubee [TM], IEEE P1901. 1) a pacemaker (PM) and DCI. Heart Rhythm 2007, 4: S398 (Supplement – ABS). Clinical study MayoRoche Martin, MD, RN Cindy Waters, Eileen Walsh, RN, Systems visibility in the delivery of orthopedic care possible savings and efficiencies without precedent. U.S. Orthopaedic Product News, May / June 2007 Orthopaedic Visibility Categories: Radio-frequency identificationHidden categories: Orphaned articles from February 2009 | All orphaned articles