A computer is a device? Electric or set of devices that work under the control? The Rec program?. He re? Ilo automatically given? Es, address given? Es and contr? Lant the whole process of operation, the aim? is? table. D’o? a computer is 1. a given processor? es, a storage location and a given processor? es. The following concepts can? Be used? S for the identification of a computer: ? Lit? Ally, the term means computer? Equipment to calculate. ? The computer is a combination of devices? Electronic used? S given to treat? Es. ? In the computer all types given? Es are converted into numbers. The computer can work with numbers, not letters, sounds or images. All forms of given? Es are converted to numbers for processing. ? Computers can receive, analyze, store information and produce reports. ? Computers are useful for the treatment pr? Cis and rapid accounts. History of Computing ? About 3000 BC? Abacus? a? t? Invent? China, which was the initial registration calculator. It? T? used? for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. ? On the 17th? Me if? Century a number of instruments have? T? Invent? s that could? be used? e as a calculator. ? On the 18th? Me if? Century, a French scientist? Ais name? Jacquard invented? an m? tier? weaving automa? designs that could receive cards performance? are. ? ? some? types of research perp? tual, came with id? Charles Babbgae’re unique. It is often called? p? re modern computers. He invented? ? Diff? Tial motor on 1812. ? He has performed? fast calculations with this machine. In 1833 he walk? Seen to one? Analytical engine?. This research does not go far because of the congestion of the funds promised by the company? T? Royal of England. ? Later Lady Ada Augusta invented? a number of techniques, which has used? the concept of the Analytical Engine. It? The daughter of silent in.? You English Lord Byron and a close friend of Babbage. It was invented? No skills? necessary for r? solve the problem? my math? matics,? by typing? tape. This is why it is regarded? R? E as the first programmer in the world. ? In 1944, a machine call? E? Mark-1? T? Eken built under the supervision of Professor Howard Universit? Harvard USA. This machine has? T? than 51 feet wide, 8 feet high. It had about 5,000 miles of c? Gible results? Electrical and combination 7. 5 lakh pi? These? Mails. Although a dinosaur among treated? E compact computers today, this was the first computer-the computer first? Age (1944-50). ? ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was? T? built? the Universit? Pennsylvania in 1946, it consisted of pr? s eighteen thousand valves. It? T? r? alis? for minist? re of D? defense. In 1948, the transistors have? T? introduced, which eventually replaced? valves. Transistors are miniature switches? That the functions of electronic meters? Me that the valves? Electronic and then some. 1958 saw the introduction of circuits int? Gr? S, known as CI, which made the great Available? today’s computers possible. ? Then came Gordon Moore in 1971 with his invention r? Revolutionary microprocessor. ? Apr? S microprocessors, progr? S have? T? fast. IBM introduced? United States Micro-computers, which is now known as PC or Personal Computer. ? The processing speed given? Es d? Hangs from the processor is. Currently, processors with a speed u? Interior? 500 MHz is available on the market?. ? The last? Re magic in the world of computing is now the Internet, and almost everyone can be brought achieved by this little bo? You with an Internet connection. ? We conclude on the note that the computer has become part ins? Parable of modern civilization. Mat? Riel ? The mast? Riel term r? F? Re? from the computer you can touch? Learn the various types of? Equipment and p? riph? America are dull? riel a computer. For example: mouse, etc. CPU? Screen, keyboard, ? Each type of mat? Riel computer has one or more functions sp? Cific. For example: keyboard and mouse are used? S to enter given?’re In the computer. The monitor is used? to display the output. The sch? Below my r? Listed attributes the mat? Riel most common computer. See Auberge de la lumi? Re above, it is? Obvious that the following features hard ware can be brought conceptually example. Feature: All p? Riph? America matt? Riels a computer is ap? Riph? America. Input device? E: A device? through which the given? es are fed into the computer. For example: keyboard, mouse, and scanner. Unit Process: Once given? Es entr?’re In the computer o? it is treated? e to produce outputs. The treatment is performed? the microprocessor. P? Riph? America Release: The means by which we can receive the information relates? Es are p? Riph? Rical output. For example, the printer and monitor. M? Memory The m? Memory is pav? Computer z? ro? mail. The programs are loaded? S in the m? Memory and ex? CUTEr. The given? Are used? Are in the program is loaded? m? memories for an acc? s fast. RAM (Random Access Memory): The most common type of m? RAM memory. It is the m? Volatile memory as it needs constant supply? Energy. When you? Stain the computer, everything in RAM disappears? T. ROM (Read Only Memory): A m? Nonvolatile memory. The given? Es and instructions are permanently programm?’re In this type of m? Memory. Unit? Storage It is possible? from a computer to operate with only the treatment, the m? memory, p? riph? of America entr? and outlet. For? Be r? Ellement useful, however, it also needs a place to store program files and given? Es li? Are when not in use. The objective of storage is to keep the given? Are. The device that holds a disc is call? a floppy disk. Some discs are built into the drive and are not destiny? S? ? Be removed? S. For example: a hard disk. Other types of drives you can remove and replace the disks, such as a floppy disk. Introduction? some dull? riels common computer Processing Unit The brain of the computer. It is? that given? es and instructions are related? are to produce useful information purposes. Fixed hard disk, int? Gr? in the unit? storage of the computer. Disks Removable Storage unit? computer. This device has much less capacity? storage than hard drives. CD-ROM? Also a unit? removable storage. This unit has a capacity? greater storage than floppy disks. It is a thin round plastic disk. A CD-ROM is required to read? from the CD-ROM. Monitor this p? Riph? Output America is like one? Notch t?? S vision that displays the output as a text that you type. Keyboard ap? Riph? Of America entr? E. This is a version? Electronic machine? ? Write. There are special function keys? Cial, alphabets, numbers together? S on the keyboard. There may be 101? 105 the number of keys on a keyboard. Mouse ap? Riph? Of America entr? E. You can click, double-click and drag with the mouse. Click it when you press a mouse button. Double-click is click twice in rapid succession. The work? N? E is press a button on the mouse? Drag? the mouse as the button is physically pressed? e. output device printer that produces printouts. It prints the output as the given?’re Related? Es, the paper reports. There are diff? Different types of printers available? diff? annuities price ranges. The most often used? E nowadays are dot matrix printer and laser printer. Floppy disk drive used? to read and? write on diskettes. It’s like an audio cassette. You must ins? Rer the disk in the floppy drive. It can read and? Write on the disk. CD-ROM used? to read CD-ROM. You can not? Write on a CD-ROM. CD ROM Writer opportunity to read and? Write on CD-ROM. Scanner input? E of device used? for num? riser image or text and put a version num? laugh? e in common? storage of the computer. device speaker output for given? are sound or acoustic. M? Me? as conf? rencier cassettee in the music player. Modem is a communication device used? to acc? der? Internet or other computers through online t?? s voice. Introduction? power devices normally used? s computers with Stabilizer We’re all familiar with the voltage up? Down in our supply? Electric. High and low voltage can? Be harmful for the channels? Complex electronic devices? the int? Interior of the computer. A stabilizer is used? to produce a supply of power versus static? disruption in the actual delivery. So using a stabilizer with your computer ch? Is re tr? S recommended? E. UPS uninterruptible power supply. This device is useful face? Regular power outages. It produces the? Energy when the main power fails and gives? a user for a short time? dye the computer properly. Mat? Riels and software Let us discuss these two terms commonly used? S in litt? Temperature data by comparing them with a common example, the audio cassette. What do we do when we want? Listen to our songs pr? F? R? Are? We first ins? Rer an audio tape in the drive and turn on the player. Then press the button? Play?, And stupid? Quent the music starts. But note that we? Couton the song, but we can not? Touch? song. In litt? Temperature player’s computer and audio cassettes are dull? Riel and the song itself m? Me is the software. The diff? Difference between the song and the software is that everything, the song has no contr? On the operation of the cassette player, software is the main force controlled? The Mast? Riel computer. Without software, the mat? Puter hardware is just a dead machine. Another relative? mention here is that the computer can not ex? CUTEr automatically t? che. It can only do work that? T? programm?’re in his m? memory and programmers all programming. Programmers are people who? Scribe codes or instructions for the computer to understand and work stupid? Accordingly. The information and instructions that? T? int? gr? s in the m? memory of the computer to perform a t? che sp? cific is collectively known as the software. The computer can be brought programm? to do almost anything with the right instructions and codes i. e. there may be many types of software, one or several for each type of t? che imaginable. For example the software can? Be sp? Cially? Criteria for r? Digest letters, m? Mos or documents. Another type of software can be brought to? Envelope? to your accounts every day, i. e. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The specific types of software? Scribed just to keep the computer running. They cr? Ent environments to enable? other software to function. We can d? Finish the software as follows: ? The software is given sets? And instructions are controlled? L mat? Puter hardware, make diff? Annuities t? Tasks such as production of r? Complex math results? Mathematical and logical. Cat? Categories of software Most software is divided into two broad cat? Categories: system software? And my application software. A major type of software system? Me, call? system? me operating states? the computer how to use its own components. Application software tells a computer how to accomplish t? Tasks sp? Cific to the user such as word processing (MS Word), drawing (Paint), spreadsheet (MS Excel), pr? Presentation (MS PowerPoint) etc. BIOS When you turn on a computer, it goes through several? Steps to pr? Deal? use. The initial registration? Tape is a self-test. The computer identifies the p? Riph? America who are attach? S, the figures of the quantity? m? memory available and does a quick checkto see if the m? prperly memory is functioning. This routine is call? E BIOS (Basic Input Output System) and is located? in m? read-only memory (ROM). Syst? Me operating Next the computer looks in the floppy drive and hard disk for a program sp? Cial appeal? system? Operating me. The system? Me operating states? the computer how to interact with the user and his? is to use devices such as disk drives, keyboard and? notch. Windows98 is a software system? Operating me. Application software A former computer? Cute just the system? Me to operate is not tr? S useful because the system? Me of exploitation exists primarily for the online community fice computer. Other programs are n? Necessary to make the computer useful for people. users of the application software help accomplish t? tasks sp? cific. application without the software? t? ? Writing to? little pr? s all t? tasks imaginable. De word processor for handselected an al? Age to attend. Windows A walk? Feels, you must have an id? Th of this software and its types. All software is for? Envelope? S on the basis of an objective pr? D? Termin?. For example: Microsoft is a software company that ad? Envelope? a number of user-friendly software window? very low? on the objective? as the novice user should? be able to use the computer? advantage. Windows98 is one of its software system? Me that is very operating? S friendly. In all? Stages of the track, it helps the user with messages and hand signals. Ex? CUTEr a program in Windows Once you turn on your computer, it shows diff? Ent of messages? Boot and s’arr? You after? S reaching a? Catch some user intervention. This? Is your screen? Desktop?. You must click on the button to see the content Satrt and stock programs? S in your computer. Clicking on any of these programs will? program Ex? CUTEr. As an example we ex? CUTEr Microsoft Word: ? Click OF laugh Click Programs? Click on Microsoft Word? Panel By clicking OF laugh shows an option “Settings: station. There is an option called? E there? Panel. This folder contains the programs that controlled? Slow software and matt? Riel computer. If you pla? T be careful when using any of these programs. Control programs should group? Be reviewed? People with a liitle more exp? rhyme? s as d? beginners. List of some t? Tasks Programs control panel can perform: ? Programs controlled? The date and time computeAdd or delete new ? Install a new mast? Riel ? Install new printer ? Background relating to the desktop can be brought modificados? ? Change the configuration and the speed of the mouse ? Other Windows Explorer Windows Explorer in its d? Finish the simplest, is the table of contents? Re a computer. ? We can see a coup d ‘? It, all drives, folders and files that are contained in the computer, gr? This? Using Windows Explorer. A user can organize files and d? Cider which files should go into the folder, cr? First new folders, cut and paste files and Co., etc. records over a file can be copied? worms? from the disk? from or on the hard disk drive. How to open Windows Explorer: M? Method: Environment Windows Explorer: Folder The files are like folders. You can organize your files in diff? Ent folders you choose. You can create them on a file in a drive, subfolders can? Be cr?? S in a folder. Cr? Ation files Open Windows Explorer. Click on File menu. Click New. Click Folder. This is illustrated? in the figure below. The new folder cr?? is given? name? New Folder? d by? need. You can rename it with a more appropriate name and press Entr? E. Delete a folder or file As mentioned? before deleting a file or folder is the best thing? to a computer, so be tr? s careful what you delete. ? Open Windows Explorer ? Click the file or folder you want to delete ? Press the Delete key Restoring a deleted file or folder? Files deleted? S and files are actually for? M? Nag? in another part of the disk Har computer, they are not complete? ment effac? are the hard disk. Files deleted? S and records are kept? S in this separate part of the disk drive, which is call? Trash. You can restore a deleted file? clicking Restore in the File menu of the Recycle Bin. If you, however, Empty Trash, files deleted? S and files will be lost? forever. R? TABLE removes? file or folder Trash ? Double-click on the ic? Does the Recycle Bin on your desktop. ? Trash window? Be displayed? T ? Click on the file or folder you deleted? S and want to restore Menu Click File ? Click Restore The figure below could make clearer measures: Cut, copy and paste Pr? Face: In our country, especially in Dhaka city, we know all too well with the display on the walls. To do this, the posters are pr? By? S in the press, and al? with glue on the walls. Mar? S have al? a poster? a particular place we could change our mind and remove it to paste it elsewhere, or we can make more copies and paste them on the walls of others. The aspect display similarity? Thunder of cut, copy and paste options of a computer application. For example: if you walk? Parry a document in the computer using a word processing software, you can get on the n? Stop? using the m? me word or phrase in a number of places. In this case, you can copy the word or phrase and paste? diff? ferent parts of the document, instead of typing it so many times. You can paste text as many times as you want after? S having one? Copy?. Copy and paste apply? Also in case of files and folders in Windows Explorer. You can copy a file or folder and make as many copies of m? My file to other folders or subfolders as you want. If you want to delete a file or folder? from a drive or folder and put it in another folder or drive, it just? cut? and it? paste? ? the place that you want to put it. M? Me, in our example document, you can? Cut? a word or phrase and paste? the other place (s) that will allow for? eliminate the word or phrase in the initial registration of place and? place to second. When you cut or copy a file, folder, images or text, it is preserved? temporarily in a place in the m? memory call? e the clipboard. When you click the Paste option, file, folder or text from the clipboard is al?. Therefore you can make exact copies of this m? My text, files, folders as many times as you wish. D? Finishes, terminology and m? Method of Cut, Copy and Paste ”S? Selection” is the word cl? in the process of cut, copy and paste. For handselected is? mark a text file, folder to? be copied? or kiss?. You can click and drag to pout handselected text or click on a file or folder? handselected. The text handselected, the file or folder will make a diff color? Annuity (often black) to indicate is a selection. ? Cut? As mentioned? pr? c? ously, is the process of moving the text handselected, the file or folder from one place? another. In Windows Explorer, s? Must select a file, click the Edit menu or toolbar, then click the Cut or Copy option. In a word processor, follow the m? Me? Steps. ”Copy” is a process of making r? Plica a file, folder or a text. File handselected, folder or texts remain in his own places and a r? Plique accurate is created?? on the clipboard. By clicking on Help toolbar paste? or? Publishing menu option? up this r? replica of the clipboard? location clicked?. ?? Clipboard? o is the place? the cut or copied information? es are stored?’re temporarily. To copy a file on disk ? Open Windows Explorer ? Ins? Ground in the floppy disk drive ? S? Select the file you want to copy ? Click the Copy button on the toolbar ? Click on the A: drive ? Click the Paste toolbar File Management To find your important files quickly, you should organize your files into folders for easy? Detectable. For example, suppose there are a number of records for employees? S desk, which contains personal information of the employee?, Salary, etc. Exp? Experience you can keep these files in a folder called? ? Employee??. Cr? Ez sub-folders such as staff wages, exp etc.? Experience and keep the files concern? S in these sub-folders. You should take a little time and pens? E organize your files and folders, such as keeping records and files organized? S in an office. Find a file or folder Sometimes it is easy to lose a file from a hundred other similar cases. You can use the Search option in Windows Explorer in such a situation. But the catch here is that you must remember something about the file, as his first 4 letters or 4 last? Res letters or the date? which he? t? cr?? or folder? t? cr?? or in its size or part of the text in the file. ? Open Windows Explorer ? Click on the Tools menu ? Click Search ? Click the file or folder option ? A bo? You dialog appears? T ? Type the information you remember about the file or folder ? Click the Search button How to login? Electric? IT For prot? Ger your computer against surges, blackouts en? Quent and other disruptions? Electrical, you need to use stabilizers. Instead of connecting directly to your devices pr? Heaven? the main supply line, connect the computer to the stabilizer and d? bank? outlet. UPS are used? S as a source? Temporary energy for the computer in case of power failure. The figure below shows the flow of the connection? Electrical connection between a computer, UPS and stabilizer. How computers work? To illustrate how a computer processes the given? Are, we can use an analogy between computers and the human brain. The five senses of r? Human receptors are p? Riph? Of America entr? E human brain. Eyes, ears, skin, tongue and nose re? Ilo diff? Different types of sensations and sends to the brain for processing. M? Me, keyboard, mouse, scanner and p? Riph? Of America entr? Th other computer collects diff? Given different types of? Es and sends them to the processor? Be related? Es . The output devices like the man to speak through the mouth or physical actions can be brought compartment? ? the? screen or computer printer, which prints the watch or Asc Desc processing by the processor. User and phobia Now that you have an id? E on her? We connect? Electrically computer? the? pat next is to work with her. Unfortunately, like all other new technologies, the computer has its own set of phobia for its users. R? Alit?, As we have emphasized? previously, to operate a computer can be brought as easy as the passage? the t?? s vision. You can only hurt physically? a computer, or a failure of its components. The software you use, can be brought her m? Am a trainer / instructor for a beginner like you. This is because most software are of? Envelope? S a mani? Re friendly and built-help option to? assist or guide you? evidence. So do not be confused or fearful, switch on the ‘magic-box? And begin. Turn on the computer See if the connections? Are electrical as required and press the power button on the processor. The? Computer display screen size you require up? various details and messages and s’arr? you after? s to have found? a? state and wait for your response. Arr? T? Dye computer There is a set sp? Cific for? Steps that the user must follow to arr? Ter the computer. Otherwise there may be problem? I like the software or matte? Riel can? Alt be? R? Are. Always follow the? Steps of? Scribed below. When you click on the YES button a message appears? Tra “s Now? R to activate your computer. Apr? S seeing these messages, press the power button? Dyeing the computer. Now? Dye UPS and stabilizer, and last but not least,? Stain the wall i. e. main supply. As stressed? above, I tried? to explain the basics of accounting? personal computing skills. The computer runs on the system? My binary. While sending input? E, we use p? Riph? Of America entr? E. In this case, we use the mouse and keyboard. Send us a message in the form of command that are of? Ing feature?’re In the computer through the cr? Ation signal num? America? Mail.