Posts Tagged ‘radiation’

Time-Triple Modular Redundancy? SEU Correction Technology Validated in Proton Radiation Environment

Thursday, April 14th, 2011

Time-Triple Modular RedundancyÂ? SEU Correction Technology Validated in Proton Radiation Environment










SAN DIEGO, CA (PRWEB) September 27, 2004

Space Micro Inc. today announces their successful completion of proton radiation validation of its Time-Triple Modular RedundancyÂ? (or TTMRÂ?) technology used in correction of single event upsets in advanced microprocessors. Space Micro completed two proton radiation test sequences at UC Davis Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, using 51 MeV protons irradiating a Texas Instrument 320C6713 digital signal processor and an Equator Technologies BSP-15 microprocessor. These radiation tests verified TTMRÂ? was able to detect and correct single event upsets within both microprocessors. TTMRÂ? combines Â?timeÂ? and Â?spatialÂ? redundancy within a Very Long Instruction Word microprocessor or DSP to achieve its unique SEU mitigation capabilities, allowing satellite and space designers the opportunity to design with very advanced, commercial microprocessors.

Â?We are very pleased to have shown our new and innovative TTMRÂ? technology to be successful in detecting and correcting single event upsets in commercial microprocessorsÂ?, said David Czajkowski, COO for Space Micro. Â?We believe TTMRÂ? provides the industry with a new and potentially revolutionary technology to advance the performance of microprocessors in the satellite industry.Â?

Space MicroÂ?s Proton100kÂ? and Proton200kÂ? computers incorporate its patent pending, TTMRÂ? technology for single event upset (SEU) correction. An additional single event functional interrupt (SEFI) mitigation technology, called Hardened CoreÂ?, is also incorporated into both computer products. Evidence of the potential of TTMRÂ? can be seen in the Proton100kÂ? and Proton200Â? radiation hardened satellite products, which provide 1,200 MIPS and 4,000 MIPS (respectively) performance at 1E-4 unrecoverable upsets per day in typical satellite applications.

About Space Micro Inc.

Founded in 2001 as a satellite technology research and development company, Space Micro Inc. is a pioneer in providing radiation hardened by design solutions for advanced electronic systems and microelectronics. Space Micro has been completing research in design solutions for single event effects damage, plus methods for improving single event effects performance of microelectronics, for several companies and government agencies. Key government customers include NASA, Missile Defense Agency (MDA), and the Air Force. Its management team includes two of the founders of Space Electronics Inc., an industry leader in satellite microelectronics. Space Micro Inc. is a privately held company, with headquarters in San Diego, California.

Contact Information

Website: http://www.spacemicro.com            


E-mail: dcz@spacemicro.com

Phone:     (858) 487-9295            

Fax:    (858) 487-1575

Mail: 9765 Clairemont Mesa Blvd., Suite A         

San Diego, CA 92124

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Lumi? St and infrared radiation in the system? My vid? Osurveillance

Thursday, September 2nd, 2010

Over the last? Res ann? Are we assist? ? the appearance of the journ? e cam? flush night surveillance, all dowry? are a “miracle” capacity? ? amplified by several hundred folds of the cam? ra “minimum illumination” by the removal of IR filter and? dyeing circuit color. Usually, the sensitivity? mode varies from day one? 0 lux. 25 lux and jumps? 0. 01 ~ 0. 0001 lux for the night of the camera (B / W) mode. This “miracle” increase is not true, it is a measuring device by exposing the CCD (Charged Coupled Device)? High power ‘? mission infrared pr? cisant wrong? value tr? s low lux. Lux and the infrared power are not the m? My. Lux is a unit? photometer? metric that measures the point? point? lighting (depending on the quantity? the light for irradiated? e and the distance between the light source and object? clear?) while the infrared power is a unit? Radiom? cudgel – measured? e Watts. Enlightenment, it is possible for us to see any infrared radiation is invisible? the human eye. The distinction between? Lighting and infrared radiation in the en? Sequences, or the wavelength. The wavelength of the visible spectrum s’? Tends 400 nm (violet)? 700nm (red) which is divided into a rainbow of colors from red? orange? yellow? green to blue and violet. CIE (International Commission on Illumination) also known as the International Commission for the? Lighting, clearly indicated? measuring the light? re, known as the photometer? sorts, only applies? the visible light spectrum and includes common? s such as slow light? re, candle and lux. Measurements of the man ‘? He d? Protection capacity? showed? the efficiency? is the most? lev? e? color green (100%? about 555 nm) and it decreases? 50% pr? S Orange (about 610 nm) and blue (about 510 nm) and less than 10% pr? S red (around 650 nm) and violet (around 470 nm). The? Human beings can not feel waves radiated? Are in the ultraviolet (below 400 nm) or infrared (sup? Interior? 700 nm) r? Regions. ICE standards are quite complex, but suffice to understand that the value of a source the light for green (555nm) with 1W Lumen is? scabies? 683 lumens, which from a point of measuring point is? Scabies? 683 Candela. In contrast, 1W red (650 nm) light output is? Gal? only 68 and 68 candela lumen and 1W-infrared (700 nm) light radiant flux? re is? scabies? 0, 0 and 0 lux candela. The problem? Me is that few people know what lux and infrared radiation are, or how? Lighting and radiation are measured? S. One device for measuring the? Lux lighting is the? Clearly m? Very,? Also known as a photometer? Be. The meter the light for includes a filter and is stallions? to measure only unit? s the light for the visual spectrum of optics such as? finished by the CIE. This filter is similar to the IR cut filter emp? Loved one to pass infrared radiation in order to maintain the pr? Measurement accuracy. That’s why all the counters of known exposure luxm: station and? Lighting of the? Equipment Measuring read or 0 lux? an r? sidual when exposed to infrared radiation. In CCTV m station with light? Re are used? S to measure the illumination of the sc? Not observed? E by a cam? Ra of the container dimensions, but should never? Be used? to measure the infrared radiation, because its reading will be 0 lux, or r? SIDU as 0. 001 lux, whereas the sc? Can? Be expos? ? of quantity? s whatever they want saddles of infrared radiation. To understand tr? Full well the impact that these measures? design a system? CCTV me we must first understand how a CCD (Charged Coupled Device) works. The CCD is stupid? U to like? human eye, with colors similar to? protection of effectiveness?. Therefore, the CCDs are more sensitive to green (550 nm) r? Region of the spectrum and decrease the sensitivity? ? 0 in the ultraviolet (400 nm) r? Region. CCDs, however, no longer feel the infrared and 700nm? 1000nm (some are more sensitive and can d? Detect up? 1200nm). The sensitivity? CCD is much lower in the r? IR region and efficacy? fall? only 5-10% or less, as the chart shows typical CCD performance. M? Me if the efficiency? d? sensor protection in the r? infrared region is very? s low during the journ? e infrared radiation which is strongly radiated? e by the sun, hot objects, the human body or incandescent? halogen? should? be emp? ch? s to reach the CCD color. If IR is radiated? E in the optical path of a color CCD, it disruptive heavy processing images in color. Therefore, all the colors (or CMOS) sensor is CCD? Very? Quip? an IR cut filter that blocks infrared radiation to reach. As explained? above, the sensors are much less sensitive to infrared radiation that the visual spectrum. By stupid? Fore, the notion that the suppression of anti-IR filter increases the sensitivity? the apparatus of a hundred or a thousand times is a simple case of the distortion induced by wrongful use of a photometer? be to measure the infrared radiation. The common test inaccurate for the night mode of a cam? Ra Day / Night is performed? by introducing a powerful infrared radiator (improperly call? e IR illuminator) to the infrared radiation on a si? sank. The test is r? Alis? connecting a cam? ra CCTV (with IR cut filter removed? e)? a waveform analyzer to measure the output signal. The cam? Ra day / night is placed? to observe a si? do infrared irradiated? s. Apr? S that posem? Is positioned be? On e si? Not to measure the infrared radiation in lux. This is a test that misleading g? N? Of re r? Erron results? S. We will obtain an IR-induced B / W signal in the waveform analyzer with a value such as 20 IRE, while posem? Very read 0 lux or an r? Sidual as 0. 01 ~ 0. 0001 lux, which is used? in the data sheet of the camera? finish the sensitivity? or his? minimum lighting. You? Be aware that the IRE is a unit? signal level or strength and is not associated? ? infrared radiation in any fa? it. Good, but more “? Hard evidence” school of sensitivity? a cam? ra surveillance or? minimum lighting is performed? in pla? ant a standard source 2000 lux with a focus in front of the cam? ra (religious?? analyzer waveform) with IR cut filter removed?. Apr? S the initial registration are ins? R?’re Facing source the light for up? the signal vid? o measured? e fall? 20 IRE. The? Minimum lighting of being very calculating? on a factor of r? reduction of the density? neutral density filter. Neutral density filters are available in diff? Different factors of transmission and r? Reduce the intensity? light by ratios such as?, 1 / 16, 1 / 50, 1 / 100 etc. The density filters? are very neutral? s like? those used? s in the objectives? auto iris? chip. That’s why whenever you see one cam? Ra day / night with? Minimum lighting values as 0. 001 lux or 0 m? Me. 001 lux, try to keep? one thing in mind – the strat? gies marketing, sometimes more weight than common sense.

Light and infrared radiation in CCTV systems

Friday, April 9th, 2010

In recent years we have witnessed the appearance of the day and night surveillance cameras, all featuring a “miracle” to boost capacity by several hundred folds of the camera “minimum illumination” by the withdrawal of the filter IR and turning off the circuit of color. Usually, the sensitivity varies from day mode from 1 to 0 lux. 25 lux and jumps to 0. 01 ~ 0. 0001 lux for the night of the camera (B / W) mode. This “miracle” increase is not true, it is a measuring device by exposing the CCD (Charged Coupled Device) High-power infrared emission and hurt a value indicating very low lux. Lux and the infrared power are not the same. Lux is a photometric unit that measures point to point lighting (depending on the amount of light irradiated and the distance between the light source and the illuminated object) while the power unit is an infrared radiometric – measured in watts . Enlightenment, it is possible for us to see all Infrared radiation is invisible to the human eye. The distinction between light and infrared radiation in the frequency or wavelength. The wavelength of the visible spectrum ranges from 400nm (violet) to 700nm (red) which is divided into a rainbow of colors from red to orange to yellow to green to blue and violet. CIE (International Commission on Illumination) also known as the International Commission on Illumination, clearly indicated the extent of light, known as photometry, applied only to the visible Optical spectrum and includes units such as slow light, candle and lux. Measures of human eye detection capacity showed that efficiency is highest in the color green (100% to about 555 nm) and decreases to 50% near Orange (about 610 nm) blue (about 510 nm) and less than 10% by red (around 650 nm) and violet (around 470 nm). Humans can not feel waves radiated in the ultraviolet (below 400 nm) or infrared (above 700 nm) regions. ICE standards are quite complex, but suffice to understand that the value of a source of green light (555nm) with 1W Lumen is equal to 683 lumens, which from a point of measurement point is equal to 683 Candela. However, 1W red (650 nm) light output is equal to only 68 and 68 candela lumen and 1W-infrared (700 nm) light radiant flux is equal to 0, 0 and 0 lux candela. The problem is that few people know what lux and infrared radiation are, or how light and radiation are measured. One device for measuring the illumination in lux is the illuminance meters, also known as a photometer. The meter includes a light filter and is calibrated to measure only the light units in the visual spectrum optical as defined by the CIE. This filter is similar to the IR cut filter to prevent infrared radiation to pass to maintain the accuracy of measurement. That’s why all the counters of known exposure, light meters and lighting equipment as 0 lux reading or a residual value when exposed to infrared radiation. CCTV In light meters are used to measure the illumination of the scene observed by a security camera, but should never be used to measure infrared radiation, because the reading will be 0 lux, or a residue as 0. 001 lux, while the scene can be exposed to substantial amounts of infrared radiation. In order to understand very well the impact that these measures have to design a CCTV system we must first understand how a CCD (Charged Coupled Device) works. The CCD is designed to resemble the human eye, with colors similar detection efficiency. Therefore, the CCDs are more sensitive to green (550 nm) region of the spectrum and decreased sensitivity to 0 in the ultraviolet (400 nm) region. CCDs, however, no longer feel the infrared 700nm and 1000nm (some are more sensitive and can detect up to 1200nm). CCD sensitivity is much lower in the IR region and the efficiency drops to only 5-10% or less, as the chart shows typical CCD performance. Although the effectiveness of the sensor in the IR region is very low, day and infrared radiation which is strongly radiated by the sun, hot objects, the human body and incandescent or halogen must be prevented reaching the CCD color. If IR is radiated in the optical path of a color CCD, it disruptive heavy processing images in color. Therefore, all colors (or CMOS) sensor CCD must be equipped with an IR cut filter that blocks infrared radiation to reach. As explained above, the sensors are much less sensitive to infrared radiation that the visual spectrum. Therefore, the notion that the removal of IR filter increases the sensitivity of the instrument a hundred or a thousand times is a simple case of the distortion induced by wrongful use of a photometer to measure the irradiation infrared. The common test inaccurate for the night mode of a day / night camera is done by introducing a powerful infrared radiator (improperly called Illuminator IR) infrared radiation on a dark stage. The test is done by connecting a CCTV camera (with IR cut filter removed) to a waveform analyzer to measure the output signal. The day / night camera is positioned to observe a scene infrared irradiation. After the meter is positioned on the stage for measuring the infrared radiation in lux. This is a test that generates misleading erroneous results. We will obtain an IR-induced B / W signal in the waveform analyzer with a value such as 20 IRE, while the exposure meter reads 0 lux or residual value, like 0. 01 ~ 0. 0001 lux, which is used in the technical specifications of the camera to set the sensitivity or the minimum illumination. You should be aware that the IRE is a unit of signal level or strength and is not associated with infrared radiation in any way. Good, but more “difficult time” school of the sensitivity of a surveillance camera or minimum illumination is performed by placing a standard source 2000 lux with a focus in front of the camera (connected to an analyzer way of wave) with its IR filter removed. After the first is inserted in front of the light source until the video signal drop measured at 20 IRE. The minimum illumination to be calculated on a basis of the reduction factor of neutral density filter. Neutral density filters are available in various transmission factors and reduce the light intensity ratios such as ½, 1 / 16, 1 / 50, 1 / 100 etc. The neutral density filters are very similar to those used in the objectives auto iris chip. That is why whenever you see a day / night camera with a minimum illumination values as 0. 001 lux or 0 even. 001 lux, try to keep in mind one thing – marketing strategies, sometimes more weight than common sense.