INTRODUCTION: Robot was coined by Czech playwright Karl Capek in his play UK R (Rossum’s Universal Robots) which opened in Prague in 1921. Robot is the Czech word for forced labor. The term robotics was introduced by writer Isaac Asimov. In his science fiction book I, Robot, published in 1950, he presented three laws of robotics: 1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being exposed to danger 2. A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law Industrial Robots: Robots usually have several components such as motors, sensors, microcontrollers and embedded computers. DC motors to turn the current into mechanical energy and are often used to drive the robots. Sensors collect data from the environment and provide information to robots. The most frequently used are vision sensors, infrared, sonar and laser Rangers. Many robots use onboard computers to calculate high and microcontrollers for low-level commands. EPSON Industrial Robot The microcontroller directly controls the motors, sensors, and sensor readings polls. It hides the physical details of the onboard computer, and provides an application programming interface (API) for the onboard computer. The onboard computer manages the high-level computing, including motion planning, image processing, and programming. The separation of embedded computer and microcontroller enables the design more flexible. However, other components such as detection, control, communications and computing also consume large amounts of energy. It is important to consider all the elements to achieve greater energy efficiency. This study has two major contributions. Firstly, we have the energy study of a robot USES of industrial robots: One of the most common uses for industrial robots welding. Robot welded bodies such improved security, a robot never miss a spot weld and also performs throughout the day. By bringing together many parts of these robots can be found in automotive and electronic packaging / palletizing is still scope for minor industrial robots, this application is expected to grow as robots become easier to handle. The food industry is an area where robots will play a major role in the future. The process involves harvesting each plant’s arrival, the reduction of its steam in the segments at each node, and then replant the segments so they can develop new plants, etc. EMBEDDED COMPUTER microcontroller The microcontroller periodically sends commands to motors and sensors, sensor readings surveys, and communicates with the onboard computer. The tasks of the microcontroller are usually set so that the power consumption of the microcontroller can be modeled by a constant. The onboard computer is more complex than the microcontroller. Many studies have been devoted to methods based on simulation to estimate its energy consumption [6], [5] [8]. The power consumption of the onboard computer can vary greatly between different programs. Microcontroller Engine Sensor Embedded Computing Previous Work: [1] Both the timing and energy constraints are considered, the robots carry limited energy and need to complete the tasks before the deadlines TECHNICAL Energy-Conservation: This section explains the three promising techniques for reducing the power of mobile robots. A. Dynamic Power dynamic power management (DPM) dynamically adjusts the power states of components to adapt to the needs of the task. The goal is to reduce energy consumption without compromising system performance. Many power electronic components that the States, their energy consumption is different with different power states. For example, the processor can operate on different frequencies. To save energy, a processor can enter lower frequencies when the workload light. Another example is to cut power to the disk in an onboard computer to save static power when there is no disk access. A simple DPM stops when an element is inactive. It is essentially a problem of prediction. If we predict the lack of access to this component for a relatively long period, the component can be stopped to save static energy. Powering on and off the equipment takes time and energy. If the idling period is too short, the elements may actually consume more energy to turn on and off. One widely used methods for predicting timeout: if the component has been idle for a period longer than the timeout, the device will be discontinued. The reason for the timeout is that the component is likely to rest in the near future because it has been inactive for a while. Another technique widely used DPM is scaling dynamic voltage (DEP) by reducing the supply voltage at a time and clock frequency to reduce power consumption of processors. CMOS circuit is its dynamic power, which can be expressed by c Vdd, f, where c is the effective capacity power, VDD is the supply voltage and f is the clock frequency. B. Planning Real-Time In real time systems to handle tasks with deadlines. real-time scheduling (RTS) schedules multiple tasks and meet deadlines. If tasks can be scheduled without missing the deadlines, we say they are scheduled. Mobile robots are systems in real time. When a robot detects an obstacle, it must slow down quickly and decide the next motion. For multiple robots coordination to accomplish a task, the communication of timely information is crucial. Two scheduling algorithms are often used rate monotonic (RM) and earliest deadline first (EDF). Many other algorithms are based on these two. RM is a fixed algorithm priorities, assigning a higher priority to a task with a shorter period. EDF performs the task with the shortest deadline among all ready tasks. It has been proved that EDF is optimal with respect to minimize the maximum delay. In addition to scheduling tasks to meet their deadlines, RTS can also schedule tasks such that DPM can save more energy. For example, where periods of inactivity of a component is too short due to frequent access, the power can be saved by closing the shutter. However, if you can see the tasks and make the component over long periods of rest, the component can be stopped to save energy. C. Examples In this section we present some potential applications of the DPM and RTS efficient robot designs using several examples. 1) cessation of unused components: the electrical energy consumed in static states idle. Turn off power supply when an element is inactive can save static power. When the robot stops, the sensors can be disabled. If half the time, the sensors can be closed, the average power detection can be reduced. 2) Frequency detection level: It is intuitive that the frequency of detection should be different, if the robots move at different speeds. The detection rate must be higher when the speed is higher. Instead of keeping the frequency of detection that meets the need of the highest speed, we can reduce the frequency of detection when the robot moves slowly. If the robot moves slowly and the frequency of detection can be reduced. 3) Dynamic Voltage Scaling: DVS is very effective in reducing processor power. The processor within the microcontroller Hitachi-8 can work at two different frequencies: 20MHz and 10MHz. The current operating system within the microcontroller does not support the scaling of frequency. Therefore, we can not measure energy savings. However, if we can dynamically change the operating frequency depending on the workload, we can reduce the power of control. This technique also applies to the onboard computer. 4) Compromise between the motion and communication: A team of robots can move and collaboration to perform a task. Robots need to send sensitive data through wireless communication. Consider a robot must transfer data to another device, but the robot is far away. If robots can bring the power of communication can be saved. The cost here is the power of movement to explore. If the data volume is large enough, more power to the communication may be saved the cost of energy movement. 5) the energy efficiency of real-time scheduling for robots: A mobile robot is a system in real time. The robot can have many recurring tasks, such as motor control and sensors, detection of reading data, motion planning, and data processing. The robot can also have some aperiodic tasks, such as obstacle avoidance and communication. RTS can work with DPM to more effectively reduce energy consumption. For example, if a scheduler can cluster closely in time and create longer periods of idling, stopping techniques can be more effective. RTS can also work with DVS to reduce energy consumption of the processor, as we discussed in related work. For mobile robots, the tasks are different times at different speeds. At a higher speed, the periodic tasks have shorter periods. Therefore, we should consider planning movement and RTS together. FORTIFICATION: Many do not take into account the third fortification called quadrant. This document put an idea in this quadrant. Some reduced the use of robots, by fleet size problem [3]: A fundamental issue for multi-robots is to determine the number of robots required (for example, the “problem of fleet size) to accomplish tasks. We propose a probabilistic method to determine the fleet size necessary to serve requests with arrival times and random places. We consider five factors on which the fleet size depends on: Energy available, energy consumption, field services, application rate and time constraints. Although we know that many industrial robots using stepper motors, servo motors, relays, etc., on AC or DC. In AC, it is essential to keep the power factor under the control should not be weak. If yes, heavy loss of power will be produced and the company will be required to pay the surcharge on their electricity department. . The following are some of the art of fortification 1. To improve the capacity of the power factor must be used. Although robot uses electric motors, transformers, etc., under the initial state needed to maintain high capacity PF secondly under running condition it needs minimum capacitance value. In other words it can be explained that the changes in capacitance value depending on the load of spam. These will be an additional charge for the capacitor switching under load. To overcome this capacitor dynamic control can be used. 2. One factor that decides the life of the robot is the wear of electrical equipment. This is part of the trip relay contacts and motor brushes because of the rush current. These can be eliminated by the circuit near the crossing. 3. Due to the law of conservation of energy, energy is dissipated by heat. This can be reduced by windings of money. Silver has the least resistance of copper and aluminum then in force. Due to decreased resistance of electric current, it reduces electrical losses major 4. Over charge detection, for example, the robot hardware platform with a robot Pioneer 2-DX [2] augmented with custom hardware for watering. To supply water to the plant, the robot was equipped with a water line, distribution of beak, and the pump. To provide power to wireless sensors an inductive load coil was placed near the water spout. Similarly, another paddle-shaped inductive coil was added to the robot can be reloaded with its bay “maintenance”. To support the calibration, the robot includes a sensor node that was human-sized Finally, the robot has a maintenance that used to automatically charge its own batteries and fill up with water. The reliability of this approach was demonstrated during the deployment of robots Rhino and Minerva as autonomous robot museum guide [4, 7]. The high-level task control and dispatching software was custom-made for the proposed plant care. There may be a chance of water in direct contact with the power supply. This leads to a short circuit, and draws more current than the rated (PU) per unit. Future enhancements: For future work I plan to extend the current study in two directions. Firstly, we measure the energy consumption of several components, such as Rangers, laser cameras, servomotors, stepper motors, and relays. Secondly, I intend to implement the proposed techniques for energy conservation in the Pioneer robots, and conduct experiments in real applications Conclusion In this study, I presented some of the technical energy consumption of different components of an industrial robot. In this article, I present a technique called fortification of two techniques of DMP and leave RTS for energy efficient design of robots. These techniques and the planning of movements offer more opportunities to reduce energy consumption and prolong the operating time of mobile robots. REFERENCE: [1] Yongguo Mei, Student Member, IEEE, Yung-Hsiang Lu, Member, IEEE, Y. Charlie Hu, Member, IEEE, and George CS Lee, Member, IEEE [2]. ActivMedia Robotics, http://www. activrobots. com, visited in February 2002. [3] Y. Mei, Y.-H. Lu, C. S. G. Lee, C. and Y. Hu. Determination of the size of the fleet of mobile robots with energy constraints Cons. In IEEE / RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pages 1420-1425, 2004. [4]. Burgard, W., Cremers A., D. Fox, D. Haehnel, G. Lakemeyer, D. Schulz, W. and S. Steiner Thrun. 1999. Experiences with a robot visit the museum and interactive guide. Artificial Intelligence. [5] J. R. Lorch and A. J. Smith. Energy consumption of Apple Macintosh. IEEE Micro, 18 (6) :54-63, November 1998 [6] D. Brooks, V. Tiwari and M. Martonosi. Wattch: A framework for architectural-level Power Analysis and Optimizations. In International Symposium on Computer Architecture pages 83-94, 2000. [7]. S. Thrun, M. Bennewitz, W. Burgard, Cremers A., F. Dellaert, D. Fox, D. Haehnel, C. Rosenberg, N. Roy J. Schulte and D. Schulz. 1999. MINERVA: A second generation mobile tour-guide robot. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). Simunic [8] T. L. Benini, and G. D. Micheli. Simulation of the cycle-accurate energy consumption in embedded systems. In Design Automation Conference, pages 867-872, 1999